WIFI antennas can be classified into several types based on their
structural design, radiation patterns, and application scenarios. One of the
most common classifications is based on the radiation pattern, which determines
how the antenna distributes its signal in space. The two main types in this
category are omnidirectional antennas and directional antennas.
Omnidirectional antennas are designed to radiate signals evenly in all
horizontal directions, forming a donut-shaped radiation pattern around the
antenna's axis. These antennas are ideal for applications where signal coverage
in all directions is required, such as in home or small office networks. A
typical example is the vertical rod antenna commonly found on routers, which
provides 360-degree coverage, allowing devices in various parts of a room or
building to connect to the network.
Directional antennas, on the other hand, focus their signal radiation in a
specific direction, offering higher gain and longer transmission distances in
that direction while reducing signal strength in other directions. There are
several subtypes of directional antennas, including patch antennas, Yagi-Uda
antennas, and parabolic dish antennas. Patch antennas are flat and compact,
often used in wireless access points and mobile devices due to their low profile
and ease of integration. Yagi-Uda antennas consist of multiple elements arranged
in a line, providing a more focused beam and are commonly used in outdoor
applications to bridge long distances between two points, such as connecting two
buildings in a campus network. Parabolic dish antennas offer the highest gain
and are used for point-to-point communications over very long distances, such as
in satellite communications or long-haul wireless networks.
Another classification is based on the physical structure of the antenna.
There are external antennas, which are visible and often removable or
adjustable, and internal antennas, which are embedded within the device's
casing. External antennas are popular in routers and other network devices as
they allow users to adjust the antenna's position for optimal signal reception.
Internal antennas, on the other hand, are used in sleek and compact devices like
smartphones, laptops, and smart home devices, where aesthetics and space
constraints are important.
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