What are the benefits of strong antenna directivity?
12.1 Antenna Directivity
One of the basic functions of a transmitting antenna is to radiate energy received from the feeder into the surrounding space. A second basic function is to radiate most of this energy in the desired direction. A vertically positioned half-wave symmetrical dipole has a flat, "doughnut"-shaped three-dimensional pattern. While a three-dimensional pattern offers a strong three-dimensional effect, it is difficult to plot. A planar pattern describes the antenna's directivity along a specific plane.
12.2 Enhanced Directivity
An array of symmetrical dipoles can control radiation, creating a "flat doughnut" pattern and further concentrating the signal in the horizontal plane. Reflectors can also be used to control radiation in a single direction. A flat reflector placed on one side of the array creates a sector-shaped antenna coverage area. The horizontal pattern below illustrates the role of the reflector: it reflects power in a single direction, increasing gain.
The use of a parabolic reflector further enables the antenna's radiation to be concentrated within a small solid angle, similar to a searchlight in optics, thereby achieving high gain. It goes without saying that the composition of a parabolic antenna consists of two basic elements: a parabolic reflector and a radiation source placed at the focus of the parabola.
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