The Important Role of GPS Antennas
1. The Role of GPS Antennas
The GPS antenna converts the electromagnetic energy of satellite radio
signals into a usable current for the receiver electronics. The size and shape
of the GPS antenna are crucial, as these characteristics determine its ability
to detect weak GPS signals.
Depending on the needs, the antenna can be designed to operate on a single
L1 frequency or on both L1 and L2 frequencies. Because GPS signals are
circularly polarized, all GPS antennas operate with circular polarization.
Despite various limitations, many different antenna types exist, including
monopole, dipole, helical, quadrifilar, and microstrip antennas.
2. Classification of GPS Antennas
1. Flat Panel Antennas
Flat panel antennas are the most commonly used type of antenna due to their
durability and relative ease of fabrication. They can be round, square, or
rectangular, resembling a copper-clad printed circuit board. They are composed
of one or more metal sheets, so the most common shape for GPS antennas is a
block-shaped structure, resembling a pancake. Because the antenna can be made
very small, it is suitable for aviation applications and personal handheld
devices.
2. Quadrifilar Helical Antenna
The quadrifilar helical antenna consists of four specially curved metal
wires. It does not require any grounding. It combines the characteristics of a
zapper antenna with those of a vertical antenna. This ingenious structure gives
the GPS antenna 3dB of gain in all directions, increasing the reception time of
satellite signals.
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