How is the reciprocity of the antenna measured accomplished?
In antenna measurement, the working state of the antenna under test can be
either the transmitting state or the receiving state. This can be flexibly
selected according to the content of the measurement, the measuring equipment,
the site conditions and other factors. According to the antenna reciprocity
principle, the results of measuring the antenna parameters in the two working
states should be consistent.
However, in actual measurement, the reciprocity principle must be applied
under certain conditions.
(1) The antenna must be linear and passive, such as a satellite TV
receiving antenna, whose feed source and high-frequency head (LNB) are
integrated and cannot be used for transmission.
(2) The impedance matching of the transceiver system must be good. Although
there are multiple reflections between the antenna under test and the source
antenna, this effect is not serious due to the attenuation of free space
propagation. The impedance matching between the source antenna, feeder, signal
source, antenna under test, feeder and receiver is an important condition for
satisfying the reciprocity principle.
(3) When swapping antennas, there are no active devices in the transceiver
branch, such as power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, etc.
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