How is the reciprocity of the antenna measured accomplished?
In antenna measurement, the working state of the antenna under test can be either the transmitting state or the receiving state. This can be flexibly selected according to the content of the measurement, the measuring equipment, the site conditions and other factors. According to the antenna reciprocity principle, the results of measuring the antenna parameters in the two working states should be consistent.
However, in actual measurement, the reciprocity principle must be applied under certain conditions.
(1) The antenna must be linear and passive, such as a satellite TV receiving antenna, whose feed source and high-frequency head (LNB) are integrated and cannot be used for transmission.
(2) The impedance matching of the transceiver system must be good. Although there are multiple reflections between the antenna under test and the source antenna, this effect is not serious due to the attenuation of free space propagation. The impedance matching between the source antenna, feeder, signal source, antenna under test, feeder and receiver is an important condition for satisfying the reciprocity principle.
(3) When swapping antennas, there are no active devices in the transceiver branch, such as power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, etc.
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