How Antenna Gain Size Affects Antennas
Antenna gain is a core indicator measuring an antenna's ability to focus
and radiate signals. Its magnitude directly affects the antenna's performance
and applicable scenarios, and the choice should be balanced according to actual
needs.
The impact on coverage range and distance is particularly significant:
High-gain antennas (usually 8dBi and above) can concentrate signal energy to
radiate in specific directions, enabling longer transmission distances (covering
several kilometers). They are suitable for long-distance point-to-point
communication, such as data transmission between base stations and outdoor
long-distance monitoring. Low-gain antennas (mostly 3-6dBi) have more dispersed
signal radiation, with a circular coverage range and shorter distance, suitable
for short-distance omnidirectional coverage, such as home WiFi and small office
areas.
Signal strength and anti-interference ability change with gain: High-gain
antennas can enhance signal strength in specific directions, having stronger
ability to resist obstacle attenuation in complex environments and reducing
disconnections caused by weak signals. However, due to their strong
directionality, they need to be accurately aligned with the signal source;
otherwise, they are prone to sidelobe interference. Low-gain antennas have
uniform signal distribution, with a higher "fault tolerance rate" for
anti-interference, but are easily weakened by environmental noise in
long-distance transmission.
Directionality and installation flexibility are inversely proportional:
High-gain antennas have prominent directionality and narrow coverage angles
(e.g., 60°-90°). During installation, strict angle adjustment is required to
match the signal path, making them suitable for fixed-direction communication.
Low-gain antennas have wide coverage angles (often 360° omnidirectional), no
need for precise alignment, and more flexible installation, adapting to
multi-directional signal transmission and reception scenarios.
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