4G Fiberglass Antenna for Emergency Communication

　　Technical Application and Performance Analysis of 4G Glass Fiber Antennas in Emergency Communications

　　Core Requirements for Antennas in Emergency Communications

　　Emergency communications scenarios (such as earthquakes, floods, and large-scale accident sites) place stringent requirements on 4G antennas, which must simultaneously meet the three core indicators of rapid deployment (erection completed within 30 minutes), extreme environmental tolerance (-40℃ to 70℃ operating temperature, 12-level typhoon wind resistance), and signal stability (interruption time <10 seconds/24 hours). Traditional metal antennas are difficult to adapt to emergency needs due to their heavy weight (>8kg) and poor corrosion resistance (rusting in salt spray environment for 3 months), while glass fiber antennas are an ideal choice due to their material properties.

　　Emergency adaptability design of glass fiber antenna

　　Material and structure optimization

　　The composite matrix of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) and epoxy resin is used, with a tensile strength of 480MPa (1.5 times that of aluminum alloy) and a density of only 1.8g/cm³ (about 1/4 of metal). The weight of a single antenna can be controlled within 3kg, which is convenient for a single soldier to carry. The edge structure is reinforced by carbon fiber ribs, and the wind load is increased to 450N/m², which meets the structural stability in strong wind environments.

　　Wideband and multi-mode compatibility

　　For the complex frequency band environment that may be encountered in emergency communications, the antenna design covers the full 4G frequency band of 700MHz-2690MHz, and ensures that the standing wave ratio of each frequency band is < 1.8 by loading a ladder impedance matching network. Supports FDD-LTE and TD-LTE dual-mode switching, and the switching time is < 50ms when the frequency band hops, which can adapt to the fast switching needs of emergency frequency bands of different operators.

　　Anti-interference and signal enhancement

　　Integrated adaptive beamforming technology, through a phased array composed of 8 radiating units, can complete the positioning of interference sources within 100ms and form zero-point suppression (attenuation of specific interference signals ≥35dB). In the urban ruins environment with severe multipath reflection, the signal reception sensitivity is increased to -115dBm through spatial diversity reception technology, which is 8dB better than traditional antennas.

　　Key technologies and processes for emergency deployment

　　Quick erection system

　　Adopting a quick-detachable folding structure, the unfolding time is less than 5 minutes. With magnetic or ground nail fixing devices, it can be installed on complex terrains such as cement, grass, and ruins. Equipped with Beidou positioning module, it automatically reports the antenna position information to the emergency command platform after erection, and the positioning error is less than 5 meters.

　　Portable power adapter

　　Optimize antenna power consumption design, equivalent impedance 50Ω±2Ω in receiving mode, perfectly matched with portable generator (12V/24V output), maximum power consumption < 3W, ensuring continuous operation ≥30 hours when equipped with only 100Wh battery.

　　Mesh network collaboration

　　Support distributed MIMO networking, more than 3 pairs of antennas can automatically form a triangular coverage network, single network coverage radius up to 1.5km, support 50 concurrent emergency terminal access (each terminal rate ≥2Mbps). Through dynamic TDMA scheduling, ensure that voice communication is prioritized (delay < 50ms) and video backhaul is suboptimal (bandwidth ≥2Mbps).

　　Performance verification in extreme environments

　　Temperature cycle test

　　After 50 cycles (8 hours each) in a high and low temperature cycle box from -40℃ to 70℃, the antenna gain attenuation is < 0.5dBi, and the standing wave ratio has no significant change, still remaining within the range of 1.6±0.1, which is much better than the emergency communication equipment standard (gain attenuation ≤1dBi).

　　Vibration and shock test

　　After conducting 10-2000Hz random vibration test (acceleration 15g) and 1000g half-sine shock test (duration 6ms) in accordance with MIL-STD-883H standard, the feeder interface is not loose, the radiation unit has no structural damage, and the communication function is normal.

　　Hydrological environment test

　　After being immersed in 1 meter deep still water for 24 hours, it can resume normal operation within 30 minutes after being taken out; in a salt spray environment containing 3.5% sodium chloride, it is continuously sprayed for 500 hours, and the surface is not corroded, and the change rate of electrical performance parameters is < 5%.

　　Actual application case

　　During the earthquake rescue in a mountainous area in 2024, 12 pairs of 4G fiberglass antennas were deployed to build an emergency communication network. When all base stations were damaged, the drone relay and fiberglass antenna were used to coordinate and realize real-time video communication (1080P/30fps) between the rescue site and the command center, with a communication distance of 8km. During the 72-hour rescue cycle, the network availability rate remained at 99.9%, providing key communication guarantee for precise rescue.

　　Future Development Direction

　　The next generation of emergency fiberglass antennas will integrate 5G NR Sub-6GHz technology, increase capacity to 1Gbps through Massive MIMO (16T16R), integrate environmental sensors (temperature, humidity, harmful gases), and realize the integration of communication and environmental monitoring; use self-healing resin materials, automatically repair 70% of the structural strength within 24 hours after minor damage, and further improve survivability in extreme environments.